How to Harness the Power of Open Source – Welcome to the World of Ubuntu

A Comprehensive Guide to Git: From Installation to Troubleshooting | Efficient Git Management in Ubuntu

Basics of Ubuntu
佐川 直弘 | Naohiro Sagawa
By 佐川 直弘 | Naohiro Sagawa (運営者)
※記事内に広告を含みます。Amazonアソシエイトとして適格販売により収入を得ています。　
目次

1. What is Git? Why Install Git on Ubuntu?

Git Basics

Git is a distributed version control system that enables multiple developers to collaborate efficiently on software projects. It allows managing projects both remotely and locally while keeping track of changes.

Using Git on Ubuntu

Ubuntu is an excellent open-source development environment with high compatibility with Git, making it a preferred platform for developers.

2. Preparing for Git Installation

Updating the System

Update your system to the latest version using the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Checking sudo Privileges

You need sudo privileges. Use the whoami command to verify whether your user has administrative permissions.

3. Installing Git from the Default Ubuntu Repository

Install Git using the following command:

sudo apt install git

It is also recommended to install the latest version via PPA. Use the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install git

4. Initial Git Configuration

Setting Up Username and Email

Before using Git, you need to configure your username and email, which will be displayed in commit history.

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your_email@example.com"

5. How to Clone a Git Repository

To clone a remote repository, use the following command:

git clone https://github.com/example/repo.git

6. Troubleshooting Authentication, Permission, and Merge Conflicts

Authentication Errors with git push

Since 2021, GitHub and other platforms have deprecated password authentication in favor of Personal Access Tokens (PAT) and SSH authentication. If you encounter an authentication error while using git push, try the following steps:

  1. Generate a PAT: Create a Personal Access Token from GitHub settings and use it as your password for the next git push.
  2. Check SSH Keys: If using SSH authentication, verify and add your SSH key using the following command:
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Permission Errors with git push

If you encounter a “Permission denied” error when running git push, you may not have the required permissions for the remote repository. To resolve this issue, follow these steps:

  1. Check Remote Settings:
git remote -v
git remote show origin
  1. Verify Push Permissions: Ensure you have push access to the remote repository. If not, request permission from the repository owner.
  2. Update Remote URL: Set the correct remote URL using the following command:
git remote set-url origin <new-url>

Remote Branch Errors When Using git pull

If you receive an error stating that the remote branch cannot be found while executing git pull, try the following solutions:

  1. Check Available Remote Branches:
git branch -r
  1. Set Up Tracking for a Branch:
git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/<branch> <branch>
  1. Fetch Remote Changes: If there are updates on the remote repository, use git fetch to retrieve the latest changes. If the remote branch has been deleted, you may encounter an error when running git pull.

7. How to Create a Pull Request on GitHub

Creating a pull request on GitHub involves the following steps:
1. Create a new branch
2. Make and commit changes
3. Push the branch to the remote repository
4. Open a pull request

8. Summary and Next Steps

Once you become comfortable with Git’s basic operations and troubleshooting, you can explore more advanced techniques such as git rebase and Git Flow for better project management.