1. Introduction
Ubuntu is a widely used Linux distribution among developers and IT professionals. However, over time, it can start to slow down. This is especially noticeable when running resource-intensive tasks simultaneously or using GNOME Shell for extended periods, which can lead to performance degradation.
In this article, we will explain in detail the reasons why Ubuntu becomes sluggish and introduce practical methods to improve its performance. From basic solutions to hardware optimizations, we provide a wide range of approaches with step-by-step instructions suitable for both beginners and intermediate users.
2. Main Causes of Ubuntu Slowing Down
Resource Shortage
One of the primary reasons Ubuntu slows down is insufficient memory (RAM) or CPU resources. This is particularly evident when running multiple applications simultaneously, performing video editing, or using virtual machines. These tasks can significantly increase resource consumption, impacting overall system performance. Web browsers with multiple open tabs and resource-heavy applications should be monitored carefully.
GNOME Shell Memory Leak
GNOME Shell, the default desktop environment in Ubuntu, has a known memory leak issue. Over time, system memory usage increases, leading to resource shortages. This is especially noticeable when frequently switching between applications or managing multiple windows, as memory consumption gradually rises.
As a temporary solution, you can press Alt + F2, type r
, and restart GNOME Shell. This will reset memory usage. However, this is only a temporary fix and does not resolve the root cause. Some improvements have been made in GNOME Shell version 3.36 and later, so keeping your system up to date is essential.

3. Basic Methods to Improve Ubuntu Performance
Removing Unnecessary Applications
Unused applications installed on your system can consume valuable resources. Removing them can improve overall performance. Use the following command to uninstall applications you don’t need:
sudo apt remove application-name
By removing unnecessary background applications, you can reduce memory and CPU load.
Clearing Cache
While cache files help speed up applications, excessive accumulation can negatively impact system performance. Regularly clearing cache can enhance performance. Use the following commands to remove system cache:
sudo apt clean
sudo apt autoremove
This can free up several gigabytes of disk space and improve system responsiveness.
Keeping Your System Updated
Keeping your system up to date is crucial for maintaining Ubuntu’s performance. Newer versions often include bug fixes and performance improvements. Since some updates address GNOME Shell’s memory leak issues, regularly updating your system is recommended.
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
4. Hardware Optimization
Upgrading RAM
If you frequently experience resource shortages, upgrading your physical memory (RAM) is one of the most effective solutions. At least 8GB of RAM is recommended for running multiple applications smoothly. If you use virtual machines or set up a development environment, 16GB or more is ideal. Increasing RAM significantly enhances system stability and performance.
Switching to an SSD
If your system is still using an HDD, switching to an SSD can dramatically improve overall performance. Boot times and application load times will be significantly reduced, making the system feel much more responsive. SSDs offer read and write speeds several times faster than HDDs, making them a highly effective upgrade for improving Ubuntu’s performance.

5. Lightweight Options for Ubuntu
Using a Lightweight Desktop Environment
While GNOME Shell offers many features, it is also resource-intensive. Switching to a lightweight desktop environment like Xfce or LXDE can significantly reduce system load. This is especially beneficial for older hardware or low-resource environments.
sudo apt install xubuntu-desktop
This command installs the Xfce desktop environment, helping to reduce system resource usage.
Optimizing Swap Space
When RAM is insufficient, the system uses swap space on the disk. If the swap space is not configured properly, it can slow down the system. Generally, the recommended swap size is 1.5 to 2 times the amount of physical RAM. You can create and add swap space using the following steps:
sudo swapon --show
sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
sudo mkswap /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile
With this setup, system stability improves when memory runs low, preventing performance degradation.
6. Conclusion
Improving Ubuntu’s performance requires optimizations in both software and hardware. Implementing basic measures such as removing unnecessary applications, clearing cache, and keeping the system updated can make a noticeable difference. Additionally, upgrading RAM, switching to an SSD, or switching to a lightweight desktop environment can further enhance performance.
By properly managing memory leaks and system resources, you can significantly boost overall system performance. This article has provided practical steps to optimize Ubuntu, making it accessible even for beginners. Try these optimizations and experience a smoother Ubuntu system!