How to Harness the Power of Open Source – Welcome to the World of Ubuntu

How to Run Windows Applications on Ubuntu | Wine Installation and Configuration Guide

Basics of Ubuntu
佐川 直弘 | Naohiro Sagawa
By 佐川 直弘 | Naohiro Sagawa (運営者)
※記事内に広告を含みます。Amazonアソシエイトとして適格販売により収入を得ています。　
目次

1. Introduction

One of the challenges Linux users face is the inability to run Windows-only applications. Many business software and games are designed specifically for Windows and do not work natively on Linux. This is where a tool called “Wine” comes in.

Wine is an open-source compatibility layer that allows Windows applications to run on Linux. In this guide, we will explain how to install Wine on Ubuntu, run Windows applications, and troubleshoot common issues.

2. What is Wine?

Wine (short for “Wine Is Not an Emulator”) is a compatibility layer that enables Windows applications to run on Linux by re-implementing the Windows API. With Wine, you can run popular software like Photoshop and Microsoft Office on Ubuntu.

However, not all applications work perfectly. You can check compatibility details on the official Wine AppDB.

3. How to Install Wine

3.1 Installing from Ubuntu’s Default Repository

Here’s how to install Wine from Ubuntu’s default repository:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install wine64 wine32

3.2 Installing the Latest Version from the WineHQ Repository

To install the latest version of Wine, add the WineHQ repository:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo mkdir -pm755 /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo wget -O /etc/apt/keyrings/winehq-archive.key https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/winehq.key
sudo apt-key add /etc/apt/keyrings/winehq-archive.key
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/ focal main'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install --install-recommends winehq-stable

4. Initial Configuration of Wine

After installing Wine, use the winecfg command to set it up. This will create a virtual C drive and prompt you to install Mono and Gecko.

winecfg

Mono is needed for .NET applications, while Gecko is required for HTML rendering. You should install both.

5. Installing and Running Windows Applications

As an example, let’s install Notepad++ using Wine.

  1. Download the .exe file from the official Notepad++ website.
  2. Right-click the downloaded file and select “Open with Wine Windows Program Loader.”
  3. Follow the installation wizard to complete the setup.

6. Customizing and Expanding Wine

To enhance Wine’s functionality, you can use winetricks to install additional Windows components. This allows you to easily install essential libraries such as DirectX and Microsoft fonts.

6.1 Installing Winetricks

sudo apt install winetricks
winetricks allfonts

7. Troubleshooting and Tips

  • Dependency Errors: If package conflicts occur during installation, temporarily remove conflicting packages using sudo apt remove.
  • Application Won’t Start: If a program doesn’t launch, check compatibility settings in winecfg or use winetricks to install missing libraries.

8. Uninstalling Wine

If you no longer need Wine, you can completely remove it using the following commands:

sudo apt remove --purge wine64 wine32
sudo apt autoremove
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/winehq-*.sources
sudo apt update

9. Conclusion

Wine is a powerful tool that allows Ubuntu users to run many Windows applications seamlessly. To improve compatibility, using additional tools like winetricks can be highly effective.

10. FAQ Section

Q1: Can I play games with Wine?
A1: Yes, many Windows games can be played on Ubuntu using Wine. It is recommended to check the Wine AppDB for compatibility details.

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